2005 Vol.(3)
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2005, (3): -.
Abstract:
Owing to high costs and unnecessary inspections necessitated by the traditional inspection planning for ship structures, the risk-based inspection and repair planning should be investigated for the most cost-effective inspection. This paper aims to propose a cost-benefit assessment model of risk-based inspection and repair planning for ship structures subjected to corrosion deterioration. Then, the benefit-cost ratio is taken to be an index for the selection of the optimal inspection and repair strategy. The planning problem is formulated as an optimization problem where the benefit-cost ratio for the expected lifetime is maximized with a constraint on the minimum acceptable reliability index. To account for the effect of corrosion model uncertainty on the cost-benefit assessment, two corrosion models, namely, Paik's model and Guedes Soares' model, are adopted for analysis. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the proposed method. Sensitivity studies are also provided. The results indicate that the proposed method of risk-based cost-benefit analysis can effectively integrate the economy with reliability of the inspection and repair planning. A balance can be achieved between the risk cost and total expected inspection and repair costs with the proposed method, which is very effective in selecting the optimal inspection and repair strategy. It is pointed out that the corrosion model uncertainty and parametric uncertainty have a significant impact on the cost-benefit assessment of inspection and repair planning.
Owing to high costs and unnecessary inspections necessitated by the traditional inspection planning for ship structures, the risk-based inspection and repair planning should be investigated for the most cost-effective inspection. This paper aims to propose a cost-benefit assessment model of risk-based inspection and repair planning for ship structures subjected to corrosion deterioration. Then, the benefit-cost ratio is taken to be an index for the selection of the optimal inspection and repair strategy. The planning problem is formulated as an optimization problem where the benefit-cost ratio for the expected lifetime is maximized with a constraint on the minimum acceptable reliability index. To account for the effect of corrosion model uncertainty on the cost-benefit assessment, two corrosion models, namely, Paik's model and Guedes Soares' model, are adopted for analysis. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the proposed method. Sensitivity studies are also provided. The results indicate that the proposed method of risk-based cost-benefit analysis can effectively integrate the economy with reliability of the inspection and repair planning. A balance can be achieved between the risk cost and total expected inspection and repair costs with the proposed method, which is very effective in selecting the optimal inspection and repair strategy. It is pointed out that the corrosion model uncertainty and parametric uncertainty have a significant impact on the cost-benefit assessment of inspection and repair planning.
2005, (3): -.
Abstract:
A time domain finite element method (FEM) for the analysis of transient elastic response of a very large floating structure (VLFS) subjected to arbitrary time-dependent external loads is presented. This method is developed directly in time domain and the hydrodynamic problem is formulated based on linear, inviscid and slightly compressible fluid theory and the structural response is analyzed on the thin plate assumption. The time domain finite element procedure herein is validated by comparing numerical results with available experimental data. Finally, the transient elastic response of a pontoon-type VLFS under the landing of an airplane is computed by the proposed time domain FEM. The time histories of the applied force and the position and velocity of an airplane during landing are modeled with data from a Boeing 747-400 jumbo jet.
A time domain finite element method (FEM) for the analysis of transient elastic response of a very large floating structure (VLFS) subjected to arbitrary time-dependent external loads is presented. This method is developed directly in time domain and the hydrodynamic problem is formulated based on linear, inviscid and slightly compressible fluid theory and the structural response is analyzed on the thin plate assumption. The time domain finite element procedure herein is validated by comparing numerical results with available experimental data. Finally, the transient elastic response of a pontoon-type VLFS under the landing of an airplane is computed by the proposed time domain FEM. The time histories of the applied force and the position and velocity of an airplane during landing are modeled with data from a Boeing 747-400 jumbo jet.
2005, (3): -.
Abstract:
The velocity field in meandering compound channels with overhank flow is highly three dimensional. To date, its features have been investigated experimentally and little research has been undertaken to investigate the feasibility of reproducing these velocity fields with computer models. If computer modeling were to prove successful in this context, it could become a useful prediction technique and research tool to enhance our understanding of natural river dynamics. A 3-D k-E turbulence hydrodynamic model in curvilinear coordinates is established to simulate the overhank flow. The bodyfitted coordinate is adopted in the horizontal plane, the part grid is adopted in the vertical direction, and the wall-function method is employed to simulate the bed resistance. The model is applied to the simulation of the meandering channel with straight flood plain banks, and the main velocities and secondary velocities for both the longitudinal and cross sections are presented. Comparison and analysis show that the results of simulation are fit to reflect the results of experiment. These results show the application value of the model to 3D overhank flow.
The velocity field in meandering compound channels with overhank flow is highly three dimensional. To date, its features have been investigated experimentally and little research has been undertaken to investigate the feasibility of reproducing these velocity fields with computer models. If computer modeling were to prove successful in this context, it could become a useful prediction technique and research tool to enhance our understanding of natural river dynamics. A 3-D k-E turbulence hydrodynamic model in curvilinear coordinates is established to simulate the overhank flow. The bodyfitted coordinate is adopted in the horizontal plane, the part grid is adopted in the vertical direction, and the wall-function method is employed to simulate the bed resistance. The model is applied to the simulation of the meandering channel with straight flood plain banks, and the main velocities and secondary velocities for both the longitudinal and cross sections are presented. Comparison and analysis show that the results of simulation are fit to reflect the results of experiment. These results show the application value of the model to 3D overhank flow.
2005, (3): -.
Abstract:
The scattering of water wave by an array of combined cylinders with solid interior columns and partially perforated exterior columns at the upper section of an outer wall is solved with a linear model for the pressure difference between the two sides of a porous wall and the fluid velocity inside it. A semi-analytic linear solution is established by the eigenfunction expansion method for wave diffraction from the array of combined cylinders. Both numerical experiment and physical experiment are carried out to verity the theory. Also presented are some numerical examples to show the situation of wave force on the cylinders influenced by the effeet factor of porosity G, relative wave number ka and the ratio of water depth inside and outside the cylinders.
The scattering of water wave by an array of combined cylinders with solid interior columns and partially perforated exterior columns at the upper section of an outer wall is solved with a linear model for the pressure difference between the two sides of a porous wall and the fluid velocity inside it. A semi-analytic linear solution is established by the eigenfunction expansion method for wave diffraction from the array of combined cylinders. Both numerical experiment and physical experiment are carried out to verity the theory. Also presented are some numerical examples to show the situation of wave force on the cylinders influenced by the effeet factor of porosity G, relative wave number ka and the ratio of water depth inside and outside the cylinders.
2005, (3): -.
Abstract:
The sea ice cover displays various dynamical characteristics such as breakup, rafting, and ridging under external forces. To model the ice dynamic process accurately, the effective numerical modeling method should be established. In this paper, a modified particle-in-cell (PIC) method for sea ice dynamics is developed coupling the finite difference (FD) method and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). In this method, the ice cover is first discretized into a series of Lagrangian ice particles which have their own sizes, thicknesses, concentrations and velocities. The ice thickness and concentration at Eulerian grid positions are obtained by interpolation with the Gaussian function from their surrounding ice particles. The momentum of ice cover is solved with FD approach to obtain the Eulerian cell velocity, which is used to estimate the ice particle velocity with the Gaussian function also. The thickness and concentration of ice particles are adjusted with particle mass density and smooth length, which are adjusted with the redistribution of ice particles. With the above modified PIC method, numerical simulations for ice motion in an idealized rectangular basin and the ice dynamics in the Bohai Sea are carried out. These simulations show that this modified PIC method is applicable to sea ice dynamics simulation.
The sea ice cover displays various dynamical characteristics such as breakup, rafting, and ridging under external forces. To model the ice dynamic process accurately, the effective numerical modeling method should be established. In this paper, a modified particle-in-cell (PIC) method for sea ice dynamics is developed coupling the finite difference (FD) method and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). In this method, the ice cover is first discretized into a series of Lagrangian ice particles which have their own sizes, thicknesses, concentrations and velocities. The ice thickness and concentration at Eulerian grid positions are obtained by interpolation with the Gaussian function from their surrounding ice particles. The momentum of ice cover is solved with FD approach to obtain the Eulerian cell velocity, which is used to estimate the ice particle velocity with the Gaussian function also. The thickness and concentration of ice particles are adjusted with particle mass density and smooth length, which are adjusted with the redistribution of ice particles. With the above modified PIC method, numerical simulations for ice motion in an idealized rectangular basin and the ice dynamics in the Bohai Sea are carried out. These simulations show that this modified PIC method is applicable to sea ice dynamics simulation.
2005, (3): -.
Abstract:
Based on Biot's consolidation theory, a two-dimensional model for computation of the seabed response to waves is presented with the finite element method. Numerical results for different wave conditions are obtained, and the effects of wave non-linearity on the wave-induced seabed response are examined. Moreover, the wave-induced momentary liquefaction in uniform and inhomogeneous seabeds is investigated. It is shown that the wave non-linearity affects the distribution of the wave-induced pore pressure and effective stresses, while the influence of wave non-linearity on the seabed liquefaction potential is not so significant.
Based on Biot's consolidation theory, a two-dimensional model for computation of the seabed response to waves is presented with the finite element method. Numerical results for different wave conditions are obtained, and the effects of wave non-linearity on the wave-induced seabed response are examined. Moreover, the wave-induced momentary liquefaction in uniform and inhomogeneous seabeds is investigated. It is shown that the wave non-linearity affects the distribution of the wave-induced pore pressure and effective stresses, while the influence of wave non-linearity on the seabed liquefaction potential is not so significant.
2005, (3): -.
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2005, (3): -.
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2005, (3): -.
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2005, (3): -.
Abstract:
The present study develops a numerical model of the two-dimensional fully nonlinear shallow water equations (NSWE) for the wave run-up on a beach. The finite volume method (FVM) is used to solve the equations, and a second-order explicit scheme is developed to improve the computation efficiency. The numerical fluxes are obtained by the two dimensional Roe's flux function to overcome the errors caused by the use of one dimensional fluxes in dimension splitting methods. The high-resolution Godunov-type TVD upwind scheme is employed and a second-order accuracy is achieved based on monotonic upstream schemes for conservation laws (MUSCL) variable extrapolation; a nonlinear limiter is applied to prevent unwanted spurious oscillation. A simple but efficient technique is adopted to deal with the moving shoreline boundary. The verification of the solution technique is carried out by comparing the model output with documented results and it shows that the solution technique is robust.
The present study develops a numerical model of the two-dimensional fully nonlinear shallow water equations (NSWE) for the wave run-up on a beach. The finite volume method (FVM) is used to solve the equations, and a second-order explicit scheme is developed to improve the computation efficiency. The numerical fluxes are obtained by the two dimensional Roe's flux function to overcome the errors caused by the use of one dimensional fluxes in dimension splitting methods. The high-resolution Godunov-type TVD upwind scheme is employed and a second-order accuracy is achieved based on monotonic upstream schemes for conservation laws (MUSCL) variable extrapolation; a nonlinear limiter is applied to prevent unwanted spurious oscillation. A simple but efficient technique is adopted to deal with the moving shoreline boundary. The verification of the solution technique is carried out by comparing the model output with documented results and it shows that the solution technique is robust.
2005, (3): -.
Abstract:
A study is performed about the water entry of a flat-bottom structure by use of the FE software MSC Dytran. The aim of the study is to find out the effect of the air cushion and structural mass on the impact peak pressure and the role of splash in the course of water entry. Some FE models are built up and some cases including the flat-bottom structure with different masses impacting water at some constant or initial velocities are calculated. The calculation shows that air plays an important role in the course of water entry of a flat-bottom structure and the compression of the air captured by the flat- bottom structure produces the first peak pressure. And the mass of the structure has a great effect on the peak value of impact pressure. The structure with different masses will produce different impact pressures even at the same impact velocity. Splash will occur a long time after the impact pressure reaches the peak value. A formula is given for the calculation of the peak value of impact pressure in this paper.
A study is performed about the water entry of a flat-bottom structure by use of the FE software MSC Dytran. The aim of the study is to find out the effect of the air cushion and structural mass on the impact peak pressure and the role of splash in the course of water entry. Some FE models are built up and some cases including the flat-bottom structure with different masses impacting water at some constant or initial velocities are calculated. The calculation shows that air plays an important role in the course of water entry of a flat-bottom structure and the compression of the air captured by the flat- bottom structure produces the first peak pressure. And the mass of the structure has a great effect on the peak value of impact pressure. The structure with different masses will produce different impact pressures even at the same impact velocity. Splash will occur a long time after the impact pressure reaches the peak value. A formula is given for the calculation of the peak value of impact pressure in this paper.
2005, (3): -.
Abstract:
The long-shore current distribution on a mild slope beach is studied by combining the numerical model and the physical experiment. The experiments of long-shore currents under the action of regular and irregular waves are conducted on mild beaches with different slopes in a wave basin. A numerical model is established, which includes a wave propagation model, a wave breaking model and a long-shore current model. The validity of the numerical model is proved by the comparison of its results with the results of the experimental model. It is concluded that the wave-ioduced long-shore current is influenced significantly by the incident wave height, the wave angle and the beach slope. Its application to the Bohai Bay indicates that the wave-induced currents have the same order of magnitude as the tide currents in the near-shore zone of mill slope beach. In the design of wastewater ouffall locations on a mild-slope beach with shallow water of the Bohai Bay, the position of the outfall should be 10 km away from the shoreline, which is outside of the surf-zone.
The long-shore current distribution on a mild slope beach is studied by combining the numerical model and the physical experiment. The experiments of long-shore currents under the action of regular and irregular waves are conducted on mild beaches with different slopes in a wave basin. A numerical model is established, which includes a wave propagation model, a wave breaking model and a long-shore current model. The validity of the numerical model is proved by the comparison of its results with the results of the experimental model. It is concluded that the wave-ioduced long-shore current is influenced significantly by the incident wave height, the wave angle and the beach slope. Its application to the Bohai Bay indicates that the wave-induced currents have the same order of magnitude as the tide currents in the near-shore zone of mill slope beach. In the design of wastewater ouffall locations on a mild-slope beach with shallow water of the Bohai Bay, the position of the outfall should be 10 km away from the shoreline, which is outside of the surf-zone.
2005, (3): -.
Abstract:
Investigating the wave field near structures in coastal and offshore engineering is of increasing significance. In the present study, simulation is done of the wave profile and flow field for waves propagating over submerged bars, using PLIC-VOF (Piecewise Linear Interface Construction) to trace the free surface of wave and finite difference method to solve vertical 2D Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations. A comparison of the numerical results for two kinds of submerged bars with the experimental ones shows that the PLIC-VOF model used in this study is effective and can compute the wave field precisely.
Investigating the wave field near structures in coastal and offshore engineering is of increasing significance. In the present study, simulation is done of the wave profile and flow field for waves propagating over submerged bars, using PLIC-VOF (Piecewise Linear Interface Construction) to trace the free surface of wave and finite difference method to solve vertical 2D Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations. A comparison of the numerical results for two kinds of submerged bars with the experimental ones shows that the PLIC-VOF model used in this study is effective and can compute the wave field precisely.
2005, (3): -.
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2005, (3): -.
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A liftboat has big independent spuncans. The interaction between the liftboat structure and the foundation can provide significant fixity. Both methods of numerical simulation and experimental test are adopted to study the fixity. An experimental model to the scale of 1:40 of a liftboat was mounted on a sand box in the laboratory, and also a three-dimensional FEM model was established in the numerical simulation. The variation of the fixity and the maximum stress in the legs are studied. On the basis of the fact that the experimental data are in good agreement with the numerical simulation results, the fixity is further studied by numerical simulation with different soil foundation parameters and different sizes of spuncans.
A liftboat has big independent spuncans. The interaction between the liftboat structure and the foundation can provide significant fixity. Both methods of numerical simulation and experimental test are adopted to study the fixity. An experimental model to the scale of 1:40 of a liftboat was mounted on a sand box in the laboratory, and also a three-dimensional FEM model was established in the numerical simulation. The variation of the fixity and the maximum stress in the legs are studied. On the basis of the fact that the experimental data are in good agreement with the numerical simulation results, the fixity is further studied by numerical simulation with different soil foundation parameters and different sizes of spuncans.
2005, (3): -.
Abstract:
The problem of ice induced vibration is common to ocean engineering of cold region countries. To study the ice induced vibration of a compliant conical structure, a series of model tests have been performed and some breakthrough progresses made. The ice sheet before the compliant conical structure is found to fail by two-time breaking in the tests. The process of two-time breaking behaves in two modes, and the general control of the ice and structural conditions determine the mode in which the ice force would behave. Two dynamic ice force functions are established respectively for the two modes of two-time breaking process in this paper. The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the measured results, indicating that the dynamic ice force functions given in this paper can fully reflect the real situation of the dynamic ice force on a compliant conical structure.
The problem of ice induced vibration is common to ocean engineering of cold region countries. To study the ice induced vibration of a compliant conical structure, a series of model tests have been performed and some breakthrough progresses made. The ice sheet before the compliant conical structure is found to fail by two-time breaking in the tests. The process of two-time breaking behaves in two modes, and the general control of the ice and structural conditions determine the mode in which the ice force would behave. Two dynamic ice force functions are established respectively for the two modes of two-time breaking process in this paper. The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the measured results, indicating that the dynamic ice force functions given in this paper can fully reflect the real situation of the dynamic ice force on a compliant conical structure.
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- February 2024
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