2007 Vol.(3)
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2007, (3): -.
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In the present study,analyzed are the variation of added mass for a circular cylinder in the lock-in(synchronization) range of vortex-induced vibration(VIV) and the relationship between added mass and natural frequency.A theoretical minimum value of the added mass coefficient for a circular cylinder at lock-in is given.Developed are semi-empirical formulas for the added mass of a circular cylinder at lock-in as a function of flow speed and mass ratio.A comparison between experiments and numerical simulations shows that the semi-empirical formulas describing the variation of the added mass for a circular cylinder at lock-in are better than the ideal added mass.In addition,computation models such as the wake oscillator model using the present formulas can predict the amplitude response of a circular cylinder at lock-in more accurately than those using the ideal added mass.
In the present study,analyzed are the variation of added mass for a circular cylinder in the lock-in(synchronization) range of vortex-induced vibration(VIV) and the relationship between added mass and natural frequency.A theoretical minimum value of the added mass coefficient for a circular cylinder at lock-in is given.Developed are semi-empirical formulas for the added mass of a circular cylinder at lock-in as a function of flow speed and mass ratio.A comparison between experiments and numerical simulations shows that the semi-empirical formulas describing the variation of the added mass for a circular cylinder at lock-in are better than the ideal added mass.In addition,computation models such as the wake oscillator model using the present formulas can predict the amplitude response of a circular cylinder at lock-in more accurately than those using the ideal added mass.
2007, (3): -.
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2007, (3): -.
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This paper,with a finite element method,studies the interaction of a coupled incompressible fluid-rigid structure system with a free surface subjected to external wave excitations.With this fully coupled model,the rigid structure is taken as "fictitious" fluid with zero strain rate.Both fluid and structure are described by velocity and pressure.The whole domain,including fluid region and structure region,is modeled by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations which are discretized with fixed Eulerian mesh.However,to keep the structure's rigid body shape and behavior,a rigid body constraint is enforced on the "fictitious" fluid domain by use of the Distributed Lagrange Multiplier/Fictitious Domain(DLM/FD) method which is originally introduced to solve particulate flow problems by Glowinski et al.For the verification of the model presented herein,a 2D numerical wave tank is established to simulate small amplitude wave propagations,and then numerical results are compared with analytical solutions.Finally,a 2D example of fluid-structure interaction under wave dynamic forces provides convincing evidences for the method excellent solution quality and fidelity.
This paper,with a finite element method,studies the interaction of a coupled incompressible fluid-rigid structure system with a free surface subjected to external wave excitations.With this fully coupled model,the rigid structure is taken as "fictitious" fluid with zero strain rate.Both fluid and structure are described by velocity and pressure.The whole domain,including fluid region and structure region,is modeled by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations which are discretized with fixed Eulerian mesh.However,to keep the structure's rigid body shape and behavior,a rigid body constraint is enforced on the "fictitious" fluid domain by use of the Distributed Lagrange Multiplier/Fictitious Domain(DLM/FD) method which is originally introduced to solve particulate flow problems by Glowinski et al.For the verification of the model presented herein,a 2D numerical wave tank is established to simulate small amplitude wave propagations,and then numerical results are compared with analytical solutions.Finally,a 2D example of fluid-structure interaction under wave dynamic forces provides convincing evidences for the method excellent solution quality and fidelity.
2007, (3): -.
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A numerical model of the coupling between astronomical tide and storm surge based on Mike 21 is applied to the coastal regions of Zhejiang Province.The model is used to simulate high tide levels combined with storm surge during 5 typhoons,including two super typhoons,that landed in the Province.In the model,the atmospheric forcing fields are calculated with parametric wind and pressure models.The computational results,with average computed errors of 13 cm for the high astronomical tide levels and 20 cm for the high storm-tide levels,show that the model yields good simulations.Typhoon No.5612,the most intense to land in China since 1949,is taken as the typical super typhoon for the design of 5 typhoon routes,each landing at a different location along the coast.The possible extreme storm-tide levels along the coast are calculated by the model under the conditions of the 5 designed typhoon routes when they coincide with the spring tide.Results are compared with the high storm-tide levels due to the increase of the central atmospheric pressure at the base of a typical super typhoon,the change of tidal type,and the behavior of a Saomai-type typhoon.The results have practical significance for forecasting and minimization of damage during super typhoons.
A numerical model of the coupling between astronomical tide and storm surge based on Mike 21 is applied to the coastal regions of Zhejiang Province.The model is used to simulate high tide levels combined with storm surge during 5 typhoons,including two super typhoons,that landed in the Province.In the model,the atmospheric forcing fields are calculated with parametric wind and pressure models.The computational results,with average computed errors of 13 cm for the high astronomical tide levels and 20 cm for the high storm-tide levels,show that the model yields good simulations.Typhoon No.5612,the most intense to land in China since 1949,is taken as the typical super typhoon for the design of 5 typhoon routes,each landing at a different location along the coast.The possible extreme storm-tide levels along the coast are calculated by the model under the conditions of the 5 designed typhoon routes when they coincide with the spring tide.Results are compared with the high storm-tide levels due to the increase of the central atmospheric pressure at the base of a typical super typhoon,the change of tidal type,and the behavior of a Saomai-type typhoon.The results have practical significance for forecasting and minimization of damage during super typhoons.
2007, (3): -.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the instantaneous properties of wave slamming on the plate structure of an open structure.The advanced instantaneous measuring technique-Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV) is applied to acquire the instantaneous velocity field of wave slamming.From the cross-correlation analysis results of the images captured by the CCD camera,the flow fields of wave impacting on the structure are displayed visually,and the instantaneous whole-field fluid velocity vectors are obtained.The relation between the instantaneous peak impacting pressures and the instantaneous velocities of water particles is studied by probability analysis.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the instantaneous properties of wave slamming on the plate structure of an open structure.The advanced instantaneous measuring technique-Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV) is applied to acquire the instantaneous velocity field of wave slamming.From the cross-correlation analysis results of the images captured by the CCD camera,the flow fields of wave impacting on the structure are displayed visually,and the instantaneous whole-field fluid velocity vectors are obtained.The relation between the instantaneous peak impacting pressures and the instantaneous velocities of water particles is studied by probability analysis.
2007, (3): -.
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Presented here is a compact explicit difference scheme of high accuracy for solving the extended Boussinesq equations.For time discretization,a three-stage explicit Runge-Kutta method with TVD property is used at predicting stage,a cubic spline function is adopted at correcting stage,which made the time discretization accuracy up to fourth order;For spatial discretization,a three-point explicit compact difference scheme with arbitrary order accuracy is employed.The extended Boussinesq equations derived by Beji and Nadaoka are solved by the proposed scheme.The numerical results agree well with the experimental data.At the same time,the comparisons of the two numerical results between the present scheme and low accuracy difference method are made,which further show the necessity of using high accuracy scheme to solve the extended Boussinesq equations.As a valid sample,the wave propagation on the rectangular step is formulated by the present scheme,the modelled results are in better agreement with the experimental data than those of Kittitanasuan.
Presented here is a compact explicit difference scheme of high accuracy for solving the extended Boussinesq equations.For time discretization,a three-stage explicit Runge-Kutta method with TVD property is used at predicting stage,a cubic spline function is adopted at correcting stage,which made the time discretization accuracy up to fourth order;For spatial discretization,a three-point explicit compact difference scheme with arbitrary order accuracy is employed.The extended Boussinesq equations derived by Beji and Nadaoka are solved by the proposed scheme.The numerical results agree well with the experimental data.At the same time,the comparisons of the two numerical results between the present scheme and low accuracy difference method are made,which further show the necessity of using high accuracy scheme to solve the extended Boussinesq equations.As a valid sample,the wave propagation on the rectangular step is formulated by the present scheme,the modelled results are in better agreement with the experimental data than those of Kittitanasuan.
2007, (3): -.
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2007, (3): -.
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New version of SWAN model includes the wave diffraction effect which is the main improvement compared with the previous versions.Experimental data collected in the wave basin of the University of Delaware were used to test its performance.Wave heights were compared in the four cases(with different wave energies and directional spreading spectra).The results agreed well with the measurements,especially for the broad directional spectra cases.The effect of wave diffraction was analyzed by switching on/off the corresponding term.By introducing the diffraction term,the distributions of wave height and wave direction were smoothed,especially obvious for the narrow spectrum cases.Compared with the calculations without diffraction,the model with diffraction effect gave better results.
New version of SWAN model includes the wave diffraction effect which is the main improvement compared with the previous versions.Experimental data collected in the wave basin of the University of Delaware were used to test its performance.Wave heights were compared in the four cases(with different wave energies and directional spreading spectra).The results agreed well with the measurements,especially for the broad directional spectra cases.The effect of wave diffraction was analyzed by switching on/off the corresponding term.By introducing the diffraction term,the distributions of wave height and wave direction were smoothed,especially obvious for the narrow spectrum cases.Compared with the calculations without diffraction,the model with diffraction effect gave better results.
2007, (3): -.
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According to analysis on field data obtained by ADCP(Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler),the flow regime of the Yangtze River Estuary is studied by use of a 3-D numerical model.The flow field characteristics,under the influence of Coriolis force,saltwater intrusion and freshwater inflow and tidal current interaction,are depicted in details.The main driving forces and some important effective factors of lateral,longitudinal and horizontal circulation are also analyzed.
According to analysis on field data obtained by ADCP(Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler),the flow regime of the Yangtze River Estuary is studied by use of a 3-D numerical model.The flow field characteristics,under the influence of Coriolis force,saltwater intrusion and freshwater inflow and tidal current interaction,are depicted in details.The main driving forces and some important effective factors of lateral,longitudinal and horizontal circulation are also analyzed.
2007, (3): -.
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In the present study,Kriebel's method is improved to generate freak waves in laboratory.The improved method superposes a random wave train with two transient wave trains to simulate freak wave events in a wave tank.The freak waves are more nonlinear than what generated with Kriebel's method of the same energy.It can also generate freak waves to satisfy all the qualifications of the adopted definition with less energy than Kriebel's and can hardly influence the significant wave height.
In the present study,Kriebel's method is improved to generate freak waves in laboratory.The improved method superposes a random wave train with two transient wave trains to simulate freak wave events in a wave tank.The freak waves are more nonlinear than what generated with Kriebel's method of the same energy.It can also generate freak waves to satisfy all the qualifications of the adopted definition with less energy than Kriebel's and can hardly influence the significant wave height.
2007, (3): -.
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The nonlinear interactions of waves with a double-peaked power spectrum have been studied in shallow water. The starting point is the prototypical equation for nonlinear unidirectional waves in shallow water, i.e. the Korteweg de Vries equation. By means of a multiple-scale technique two defocusing coupled Nonlinear SchrCMinger equations are derived. It is found analytically that plane wave solutions of such a system are unstable for small perturbations, showing that the existence of a new energy exchange mechanism which can influence the behavior of ocean waves in shallow water.
The nonlinear interactions of waves with a double-peaked power spectrum have been studied in shallow water. The starting point is the prototypical equation for nonlinear unidirectional waves in shallow water, i.e. the Korteweg de Vries equation. By means of a multiple-scale technique two defocusing coupled Nonlinear SchrCMinger equations are derived. It is found analytically that plane wave solutions of such a system are unstable for small perturbations, showing that the existence of a new energy exchange mechanism which can influence the behavior of ocean waves in shallow water.
2007, (3): -.
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A plane strain analysis based on the generalized Biot's equation is utilized to investigate the wave-induced response of a poro-elastic seabed with variable shear modulus.By employing integral transform and Frobenius methods,the transient and steady solutions for the wave-induced pore water pressure,effective stresses and displacements are analytically derived in detail.Verification is available through the reduction to the simple case of homogeneous seabed.The numerical results indicate that the inclusion of variable shear modulus significantly affects the wave-induced seabed response.
A plane strain analysis based on the generalized Biot's equation is utilized to investigate the wave-induced response of a poro-elastic seabed with variable shear modulus.By employing integral transform and Frobenius methods,the transient and steady solutions for the wave-induced pore water pressure,effective stresses and displacements are analytically derived in detail.Verification is available through the reduction to the simple case of homogeneous seabed.The numerical results indicate that the inclusion of variable shear modulus significantly affects the wave-induced seabed response.
2007, (3): -.
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There is a need to obtain the hydrologic data including ocean current,wave,temperature and so on in the South China Sea.A new profiling instrument which does not suffer from the damage due to nature forces or incidents caused by passing ships,is under development to acquire data from this area.This device is based on a taut single point mid-water mooring system.It incorporates a small,instrumented vertically profiling float attached via an electromechanical cable to a winch integral with the main subsurface flotation.On a pre-set schedule,the instrument float with sensors is winched up to the surface if there is no ship passing by,which is defined by an on-board miniature sonar.And it can be immediately winched down to a certain depth if the sonar sensor finds something is coming.Since,because of logistics,the area can only be visited once for a long time and a minimum of 10 times per day profiles are desired,energy demands are severe.To respond to these concerns,the system has been designed to conserve a substantial portion of the potential energy lost during the ascent phase of each profile and subsequently use this energy to pull the instrument down.Compared with the previous single-point layered measuring mode,it is advanced and economica1.At last the paper introduces the test in the South China Sea.
There is a need to obtain the hydrologic data including ocean current,wave,temperature and so on in the South China Sea.A new profiling instrument which does not suffer from the damage due to nature forces or incidents caused by passing ships,is under development to acquire data from this area.This device is based on a taut single point mid-water mooring system.It incorporates a small,instrumented vertically profiling float attached via an electromechanical cable to a winch integral with the main subsurface flotation.On a pre-set schedule,the instrument float with sensors is winched up to the surface if there is no ship passing by,which is defined by an on-board miniature sonar.And it can be immediately winched down to a certain depth if the sonar sensor finds something is coming.Since,because of logistics,the area can only be visited once for a long time and a minimum of 10 times per day profiles are desired,energy demands are severe.To respond to these concerns,the system has been designed to conserve a substantial portion of the potential energy lost during the ascent phase of each profile and subsequently use this energy to pull the instrument down.Compared with the previous single-point layered measuring mode,it is advanced and economica1.At last the paper introduces the test in the South China Sea.
2007, (3): -.
Abstract:
The new distributions of the statistics of wave groups based on the maximum entropy principle are presented.The maximum entropy distributions appear to be superior to conventional distributions when applied to a limited amount of information.Its applications to the wave group properties show the effectiveness of the maximum entropy distribution.FFT filtering method is employed to obtain the wave envelope fast and efficiently.Comparisons of both the maximum entropy distribution and the distribution of Longuet-Higgins(1984) with the laboratory wind-wave data show that the former gives a better fit.
The new distributions of the statistics of wave groups based on the maximum entropy principle are presented.The maximum entropy distributions appear to be superior to conventional distributions when applied to a limited amount of information.Its applications to the wave group properties show the effectiveness of the maximum entropy distribution.FFT filtering method is employed to obtain the wave envelope fast and efficiently.Comparisons of both the maximum entropy distribution and the distribution of Longuet-Higgins(1984) with the laboratory wind-wave data show that the former gives a better fit.
2007, (3): -.
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2007, (3): -.
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2007, (3): -.
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An analytical method is developed to study wave diffraction on arc-shaped and bottom-mounted perforated breakwaters.The breakwater is assumed to be rigid,thin,vertical,immovable and located in water of constant depth.The fluid domain is divided into two regions by imaginary interface.The velocity potential in each region is expanded by eigenfunctions.By satisfying the continuity of pressure and normal velocity across the imaginary fluid interface,a set of linear algebraic equations can be obtained to determine the unknown coefficients of eigenfunctions.Numerical results,in the form of contour maps of the relative wave amplitude around the breakwater,are presented for a range of wave and breakwater parameters.Results show that the wave diffraction on the arc-shaped and bottom-mounted perforated breakwater is related to the incident wavelength and the porosity of the breakwater.The porosity of the perforated breakwater may have great effect on the diffracted field.
An analytical method is developed to study wave diffraction on arc-shaped and bottom-mounted perforated breakwaters.The breakwater is assumed to be rigid,thin,vertical,immovable and located in water of constant depth.The fluid domain is divided into two regions by imaginary interface.The velocity potential in each region is expanded by eigenfunctions.By satisfying the continuity of pressure and normal velocity across the imaginary fluid interface,a set of linear algebraic equations can be obtained to determine the unknown coefficients of eigenfunctions.Numerical results,in the form of contour maps of the relative wave amplitude around the breakwater,are presented for a range of wave and breakwater parameters.Results show that the wave diffraction on the arc-shaped and bottom-mounted perforated breakwater is related to the incident wavelength and the porosity of the breakwater.The porosity of the perforated breakwater may have great effect on the diffracted field.
2007, (3): F0003-F0003.
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- February 2024
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